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The Curriculum

Questions on this information? Please contact Stacia Super, Co-Chair, Curriculum Committee

The curriculum of the Washington Psychoanalytic Institute conforms to the Standards of the American Psychoanalytic Association for the training of physicians and other mental health professionals in psychoanalysis. Written evaluations of candidates are required from the instructors of each course. In addition to qualitative commentary, ratings of Outstanding, Satisfactory, Marginal, and Unsatisfactory are given.

Institute classes are currently split between Wednesdays (2:00 pm – 7:15 pm) and Saturdays (8:00 am to 1:15 pm) for 30 weeks during the academic year. Classes meet at the Center offices, 4545 42nd St, NW, #209, Washington DC 20016, unless otherwise indicated.

tba = to be announced

FIRST YEAR

NO FIRST YEAR CLASSES ARE OFFERED THIS YEAR.

A candidate starting first-year courses will be expected to have progressed satisfactorily in personal psychoanalysis with a training analyst of this Institute.

If there is no First year class, individual First year candidates will take tutorials, to be arranged by the Curriculum Committee. This is the case for 2008-09. When there is a First year class, First year courses are normally as follows.

Psychoanalytic Technique

Introduction to Conducting an Analysis
Weeks 1-10
Ten sessions - 2:00 pm (Wed)
Issues in initiating psychoanalysis will be reviewed, from the assessment through the onset of treatment. The course addresses questions of suitability; effectiveness; similarities and differences between psychotherapy and psychoanalysis; and the establishment of a suitable frame, including physical setting, fees, analyst’s and patient’s roles, and other boundary issues. Candidates will be asked to share clinical material from their work in evaluating patients for psychoanalysis and initiating psychoanalytic treatment.

Weeks 11-20
Nine sessions - 2:00 pm (Wed) (no class on Week 14 - Colloquium)
The development and therapeutic management of transference and countertransference in the psychoanalytic situation will be discussed. Candidates’ use of illustrative material from their own psychoanalytic work will be supplemented by case presentations in two sessions of early phase psychoanalytic work.

Weeks 21-30
Ten sessions - 2:00 pm (Wed)
This segment will review the analyst’s experience in the psychoanalytic situation and its influence on the psychoanalytic process. Topics covered include both parties’ view of the analyst’s internal experience, the analyst’s listening perspective and use of interpretation, and the analyst’s position with respect to neutrality and abstinence. Candidates will be asked to share written clinical vignettes from their work. There will be two sessions devoted to case presentations of mid-phase analytic work, and a final session devoted to summation of the year-long course sequence.

Psychoanalytic Theory

Weeks 1-7 - Topographic/Drive Freud
Seven sessions - 4:00 pm (Wed)
This section will take up Freud’s early theoretical and technical formulations as set forth in his writings and published lectures. Candidates will acquire a working knowledge of the following concepts as originally formulated by Freud: psychical trauma; affect; unconscious mental states; cathexis; resistance; repression; conflict; ego; neurotic symptom; dream interpretation; condensation; displacement; anxiety; symptomatic actions; libido; erotogenic zones; phantasy; nuclear complex; reaction formation; latency; sublimation; component instincts; and the dynamic model.

Weeks 8-15 - Structural Freud
Seven sessions - 4:00 pm (Wed)
This section is concerned with the transition Freud made from the topographic to the structural theory, some clinical observations that led to the articulation of the structural theory, and the importance of the structural theory both for a new theory of affect and as the basis for ego psychology.

Human Development / Pathological Formations

Weeks 1-10 – Introduction to Development from a Psychoanalytic Perspective
Ten sessions - 5:45 pm (Wed)
This begins the sequence that integrates normal development and pathological formations. These classes provide an overview to psychoanalytic perspectives on development and look at the first three years of life.

Weeks 11-20 - Developmental Perspectives on Infancy and the Early Years
Nine sessions - 5:45 pm (Wed) (no class on Week 14 - Colloquium)
This sequence presents a theoretical survey of normal and pathological psychological development in the first three years. The course moves from early classical theory to more contemporary perspectives on pre-oedipal development.

Weeks 21-30 - Later Toddlerhood, the Oedipus Complex, and Gender Identity
Ten sessions - 5:45 pm (Wed)
This sequence will be oriented around developmental achievements and problems connected to the Oedipus Complex. The developmental and intrapsychic issues that surround this important milestone will be explored, especially as it relates to the sexual object choice, sexual expression, and sexual identity in the child and in the adult.

Continuous Case Conference

Week 16-30 – Adult
Fourteen sessions - 4:00 pm (Wed)
This continuous case conference will focus on the psychoanalytic process with an emphasis
on exploring how developmental concepts inform the interventions of the analyst and are
reflected in the patient’s associations and on case formulation.

Course Cycle For Years Two, Three, and Four

SECOND YEAR

Tutorial times are to be arranged between instructors and candidates. Candidates will join the Third Year class for Case Conferences.

Psychoanalytic Technique

Weeks 1-10 - Ethics: Role, Task, and Boundary
Ten sessions – 5:45 pm (Wed) - not offered in 2008-09
Dynamics of patient-analyst interaction will be explored in terms of the roles, tasks, and boundaries of the analytic situation. Readings, clinical material, and video vignettes may be used for class discussion of issues such as: the roles of analyst and patient; setting the frame and protecting boundaries; professional ethical principles; negotiating and understanding the fee; the history of boundary violations, including sexual boundary violations; transference and countertransference pressures resulting in vulnerability in the analyst; self-disclosure; illness and impairment in the analyst; and the post-termination relationship.

Weeks 21-30 - Free Association, Resistance, Transference and Countertransference
Ten sessions – tutorial (Cereijido)
This tutorial introduces and deepens understanding of the core psychoanalytic concepts of transference, countertransference, resistance and free association. It explores how these ideas have evolved over time - theoretically and technically - from a variety of psychoanalytic perspectives. Focus in the seminar is on how we use and understand these ideas in day-to-day clinical practice.

Psychoanalytic Theory

Week 16-24 - Introduction to Melanie Klein, Bion, and the Modern British Kleinians
Nine sessions – 4:00 pm (Wed) - not offered in 2008-09
Melanie Klein’s scientific development took place between 1919-1960 and is characterized by detailed clinical observations (including preverbal and non-verbal communication), the creation of a framework for child analysis using play technique, and attention to the treatment of psychotic and borderline patients. Central concepts include the nature of phantasy, position and projective identification. Bion describes the development of thinking, and focuses attention on the concept of containment from the infant’s and the mother’s perspective. More recent clinical and theoretical developments in the work of Segal, Joseph, Steiner, Britton, and will be discussed and related to ongoing clinical work of the class participants.

Week 25-30 – Freud Cases
Six sessions - tutorial
Weeks 25, 26 (Chused) – Little Hans
Weeks 27, 28, 29, 30 (Rosenblum) – Dora, the Rat Man
A selection of Freud’s cases will be studied in depth.

Human Development / Pathological Formations

Week 1-15 - Latency and Pre-Adolescence (Dosovitz)
Fourteen sessions - tutorial
This tutorial focuses on normal development and its relationship to pathological conditions in the latency age and pre-adolescent developmental periods. The establishment of the capacity for work will be studied from the perspective of the acquisition of these developmental achievements in the latency period. The normative perspective will be juxtaposed with deviations from the norm as seen in children (e.g. learning problems, attentional difficulties) and adults (e.g. work inhibitions). The pre-adolescent period will also be examined.

Continuous Case Conferences

Alternate (odd) weeks 1-30 - Child – join Third year class 8 am (Sat) (Snejnevski/Fort/Bryce)
Fourteen sessions

Alternate (even) weeks 1-30 - Adult – join Third year class 8 am (Sat) (Miller/Messina)
Fifteen sessions

An adult and a child case will be chosen by each class for presentation with a focus on exploring the analyst’s countertransference as a vehicle to the genesis of interpretation and analytic intervention. Careful consideration will be given to discussing the impact of countertransference on clinical work. All the case conferences explore the analytic process with a particular focus on an examination of the mind of the analyst at work, with a careful consideration of the multiple different factors to which the analyst responds when conducting the analysis. In addition to these processes, the child/adolescent case conference also explores the adaptations of technique necessitated by the age and developmental level of the child. It is anticipated that an exploration of how the analyst responds to the adaptations in technique dictated by the immaturity of the child will prove useful in work with adults.

Writing

The purpose of the writing sequence is to help candidates demonstrate in their case reports
that they can think psychoanalytically.

The ability to show psychoanalytic process in writing is required to prepare a case report for graduation as well as for certification by the American Psychoanalytic Association, which graduates are strongly encouraged to pursue. The writing of a psychoanalytic case is a skill unto itself. Reducing hundreds of hours of process notes and supervisory sessions to a 20 page, double-spaced report requires the candidate to cull from the material then mete out comprehensible parcels in an orderly and sequential manner. Experience shows that some candidates will find this task more daunting than others. In preparation for the fifth year case write-up, the curriculum includes one trimester writing course annually, starting in the second year when most candidates will have their cases underway.

Weeks 11-20 - Writing Course - 5:45 pm (Wed) - not offered in 2008-09
Nine sessions
The goals of this first course are 1) to introduce the candidate to a methodology for translating the inchoate nature of the clinical hour into a few comprehensible paragraphs that demonstrate a psychoanalytic process is occurring. 2) to identify stylistic roadblocks that tend to obfuscate rather than elucidate psychoanalytic process and 3) to select thematic structures that help organize clinical material. On a rotational basis, the candidate will prepare a write-up of two contiguous psychoanalytic hours to read aloud and discuss with the class.

THIRD YEAR

Classes are split between Wednesdays and Saturdays.

Psychoanalytic Technique

Weeks 1-7 – Sexuality (Joseph/Crowe)
Seven sessions – 5:45 pm (Wed)
This course will explore a psychoanalytic perspective on human sexuality. Beginning with a review of Freud's most important writings on the subject, the course will consider masculinity and femininity, gender identity, heterosexuality, bisexuality, homosexuality, masturbation, sexual desire fetishism, perversion. Readings will be supplemented with clinical material provided by instructors and class members. The objective of the course will be to become knowledgeable about a psychoanalytic way of understanding human sexuality, to be able to identify latent sexual material in psychoanalytic clinical work, and to develop technical ways of addressing these concerns.

Weeks 8-15 - Dreams and Dreaming (G. Miller/Moffett/Remeikis)
Fourteen sessions - 5:45 pm (Wed)
This course will examine both our understanding of the process of dream creation and the technique of working with dreams in psychoanalytic treatment.

Psychoanalytic Theory

Weeks 16-30 - Ego Psychology (Gruber/Cooper)
Fifteen sessions - 5:45 pm (Wed) (seven sessions per instructor)
This course tracks the evolution of structural theory from its immediate post-Freudian roots into the present day, looking at the works of Arlow, Brenner, Boesky, and Couch and progressing the contemporary works of Gabbard and Weston (which integrate cognitive neuroscience with psychodynamic theory) and the writings of other modern authors such as Bush, Gray, Pine, and Raphling. The role of ego psychology in the development of contemporary interrelational and intersubjective theory will be traced and discussed.

Human Development / Pathological Formations

Adolescence and Character Disturbance
Week 11-20- Adolescence (Elliott-Neely)
Nine sessions - 4:00 pm (Wed)
Adolescence as the time for reorganization and original developmental achievement will be considered through readings on the developmental stage and through literature related to the establishment of identity or self.

Week 21-30 - Adulthood and Character Disturbance (Blair/Paley)
Ten sessions - 4:00 pm (Wed)
After surveying normative developmental issues of young adulthood, the course will focus on the pathology that results from failure to integrate an organized identity, including borderline, narcissistic, and masochistic character problems. Multiple theoretical perspectives will be used.

Continuous Case Conferences

Weeks 1-30 (odd weeks) – Adolescent (Snejnevski/Fort/Bryce)
Fourteen sessions – 8:00 am (Sat)
Weeks 1-30 (even weeks) – Adult (D. Miller/Messina)
Fifteen sessions – 8:00 am (Sat)
An adolescent case and adult case will be presented by a candidate and/or faculty member.
The case conferences explore the analytic process with a particular focus on an examination of the mind of the analyst at work, with a careful consideration of the multiple different factors to which the analyst responds when conducting the analysis.

Writing

Weeks 1-10 - Writing Course (Fritsch/Dupecher)
Ten sessions - 4:00 pm (Wed)
Assuming that the candidate has two psychoanalytic control cases in mid-phase, the goal of this course is for the candidate to prepare for each analysand a ten page double-spaced write-up that shows the development of one or two themes over the course of a year in treatment. The write-up may be organized using Bernstein’s “experiencing,” “reflecting,” and “transitional narrative” style or other methods the candidate develops that conveys to the reader that a psychoanalysis is being conducted.

FOURTH YEAR

Psychoanalytic Technique

Weeks 6-10 - Termination (Brunkow)
Ten Sessions, 10:00 am (Sat)
As candidates move towards the end of the core curriculum, and their cases mature, the issue of termination is considered. Topics include: listening for, and talking about readiness to terminate, setting a termination plan, and process and technique in termination.

Weeks 16-20 – Advanced Formulation (Alaoglu/Gedo)
Eight sessions – 11:45 am (Sat)
A candidate case will be used to focus on psychoanalytic formulation, with the aid of the
Psychoanalytic Diagnostic Manual (PDM).

Weeks 21-30 - Psychology of the Analyst (Lischewski/Levi)
Ten sessions – 10:00 am (Sat)
This course will focus on our expanding understanding of the psychology of the analyst, in all its varied dimensions, with readings chosen from a variety of theoretical considerations.

Weeks 21-26 – Advanced Topics in Psychoanalysis (Coordinator: Super)
Seven sessions – 11:45 am (Sat)
Week 21 (Ursano) – Psychological Responses to Traumatic Events
Week 23 (Mazza) – Building a Psychoanalytic Practice/The Analyst’s Resistance to Analysis
Week 24 (Ross) – The Analyst’s Holding Environment
Week 25 (Super) – When the Analyst Gets Sick – Ethical Issues
Week 26 (Mazza) – Multiple Meanings of Money in Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalytic Theory

This section includes Self Psychology, the British Independent Tradition, American Relational, and Intersubjective schools of thought. In addition, a survey course on Neuropsychoanalysis will provide an introduction to the relationship between mind and brain.

Weeks 1-7 - Self-Psychology (Olsen/DeCuir)
Seven sessions - 8:00 am (Sat)
The contribution of self psychology to psychoanalysis are developed and expanded through a study of the writings of Kohut, Wolf, Lichtenberg, Bacal, Stolorow, and others. Key concepts are fleshed out, including empathic immersion, attunement, empathic break, disruption-restoration, narcissistic rage, shame, transmuting internalization, and the intersubjective field. The course emphasizes applications to current clinical work.

Weeks 8-13 - British Independent Tradition (Alperovitz/Hersh) (No class Week 14, Colloquium)
Six sessions - 8:00 am (Sat)
This course focuses on the contributions of W.R.D. Fairbairn, Harry Guntrip, Michael Balint, Donald W. Winnicott and may also include other – more contemporary – analysts in the Independent tradition. The Independents or the Middle group of the British Psychoanalytic Center are not a school that propounds any one particular theoretical, ideological, or technical cause within analysis. Even so, there is a recognizable Independent style. One of their most important contributions has been the exploration of earliest child development and the effects of environmental facilitation and trauma. These analysts placed greater emphasis on the role of the child’s experience with its caretakers both in their models of development and of the therapeutic process.

Weeks 15-20 - American Relational (Hershberg/Chavis)
Six sessions - 8:00 am (Sat)
This course outlines the emergence and expansion of a distinctively relational approach to psychoanalysis. The relational approach places human relationships, rather than biological drives, at its theoretical center. The course appraises the theories of some of the contemporary relational theorists, such as Lewis Aron, Stephen Mitchell, Irwin Hoffman, Jay Greenberg, Owen Renik, Jody Messler Davies, Philip Bromberg, and Adrienne Harris. Relational psychoanalysis Is not a unified or integrated school of thought but, rather, refers to a diverse group of theories that focus on personal, intrapersonal, and interpersonal relations.

Neuropsychoanalysis

Weeks 1-5 (Coordinator: Super)
Five sessions – 10:00 am (Sat)
This survey course provides an introduction to questions of the relationship between brain and mind in several key areas: Consciousness and the unconscious, attachment, emotion, motivation, and memory. Finally, it considers some of the implications of neuroscientific findings for the practice of psychoanalysis.
Week 1 (Gruber) Consciousness and the Unconscious
Week 2 (Hawver) Attachment
Week 3 (Goldman) Emotion and Motivation
Week 4 (Grey) Memory
Week 5 (Winer) Neurobiology and Psychoanalysis

Human Development / Pathological Formations

Weeks 11-20 – Theory and Treatment of Complex Psychopathology (Silver/Twentyman)
Nine sessions - 10:00 am (Sat)
This course will examine the pathological formations and technical considerations of work with patients presenting complex problems within what has been called the “widening scope” of psychoanalysis. Topics will include psychosis, borderline conditions, autism and perversions.

Continuous Case Conferences

An adult case will be presented with the opportunity to track the analysts’ efforts to work with similar dynamic issues in both play and verbal therapies. As in the other Continuous Case Conferences, there will be a particular focus on an examination of the mind of the analyst at work, with a careful consideration of the multiple different factors to which the analyst responds when conducting the analysis.
Weeks 1-15 - Adult (Hani/Grey)
Fourteen sessions - 11:45 am (Sat)

Writing

Weeks 21-30 - Writing Course (Keats/Chefetz)
Ten sessions - 8:00 am (Sat)
The fourth year of the writing sequence is a further elaboration of the case writing learned in the two previous courses. Those candidates whose control cases are already creditable may ready to write a first draft of the graduation paper. At a minimum, the candidate will write a 15 page report that identifies the major themes of the psychoanalysis and shows how each theme developed over several years.

Research

Weeks 27-30 – Introduction to Research (Snejnevski)
Four sessions – 11:45 am (Sat)

This course will introduce candidates to research methods and readings in psychoanalytic research. Issues in doing research in psychoanalysis will be explored.

ADVANCED CURRICULUM (Fifth and Subsequent Years)

Course requirements for the advanced candidates represent less than half the time commitment of years 1-4: two trimester courses or one semester course. Each advanced candidate is required to take an advanced clinical course, or a clinical study group, as one of the two required trimester courses, or as the semester course. Self-assessment by candidates strongly encouraged. The choice of courses must be made each year in consultation with the faculty advisor who will help the candidate decide which course will be the most beneficial. One advanced candidate will present and discuss an ongoing analytic case for the Fellowship Program in Psychoanalysis, a group of mental health professionals and students who are interested in an introduction to psychoanalytic thinking and treatment. The presentation and discussion will be facilitated by a member of the Institute faculty chosen with input from the candidate. The seminar is designed to demonstrate to an audience relatively unfamiliar with psychoanalytic theory and technique how material unfolds in an analysis and how the mind of the analyst works, i.e., how we observe and think about what we hear and see; how we form interpretations and decide on whether and when to make them.

Fifth-year Comprehensive Seminar (Tutorial only) (Spitz, Long)
Required for 5th year candidates.
The seminar is intended to assist the candidate in writing the final 20 page case report that demonstrates the candidate has digested and integrated psychoanalytic theory and has acquired the skill of psychoanalytic technique.

Joint Institute Clinical Case Conference — Adult (Derek Hawver, Jay Phillips, Monroe Pray, Aurelio Zerla)
Fifteen sessions: Saturdays, 10:15-11:45 am.
Oct. 4, 18; Nov. 1,15; Dec. 6; Jan. 3, 24; Feb. 7, 21; March 7, 21; April 4, 18; May 2,16
(May 30-snow date).

This is a Continuous Case Conference for advanced candidates and graduates offered and taught jointly with the Baltimore-Washington Institute. This conference has received excellent reviews by participants in its previous four years and is held in high regard by both institutes. A number of graduates of both institutes have attended regularly and have engaged actively in the lively discussions. Classes are held at the Baltimore-Washington Center for Psychoanalysis, 14900 Sweitzer Lane, Suite 102, Laurel, MD (just off I-95, easy to find and with lots of free parking). For directions go to www.bwanalysis.org.

Study Groups and Tutorials

In place of the required formal courses, advanced candidates may undertake the study of special projects in groups of two or more, with the approval of the faculty advisors and in consultation with the Curriculum Committee. The topics may be clinical, theoretical, or applied psychoanalysis. In addition, an individual candidate may arrange a ten-session tutorial with a faculty member, which will meet the requirement for a trimester course. Study Groups and Tutorials must be formed before March 1 of the previous year.

Clinical Exploration of Prematurely Terminated Cases - Not offered in 2008-09

Ten sessions. Time and Location to be arranged. (Chused )
Maximum enrollment: 8
The experience of having an analytic case terminate prematurely (quit) is unwanted but unavoidable. Often, the opportunity to learn from these cases is limited to exploration between candidate and supervisor, without the richness of focused discussion with colleagues. This course will use “failed cases” as stimuli for inquiry into the analytic relationship and the techniques which can facilitate the use of that relationship for a positive therapeutic outcome.

Brain Science and Psychoanalysis

Ten sessions. Fourth Wednesdays, September - June. 8 - 9:30 pm, Dr. Winer’s home. (Meagher, Winer)
Recent advances in the brain sciences including studies of neurodevelopment, neurochemistry, Neuro-imaging, and neurobiology will be explored in an effort to see how results of these studies enlarge our understanding of cognitive and social learning, memory, affect regulation, response to trauma, and dream theory. In each session, findings in the brain sciences will be integrated with the theory and practice of psychoanalysis. Ten monthly meetings are planned during the year, following the “salon” format in which participants rotate as discussion leaders. Center members are urged to participate in this effort to synthesize new knowledge. Candidates and members from the Baltimore-Washington Center also participate.

Contemporary Gender Theory and Clinical Implications

Ten sessions. Dates, time, and location to be arranged. (Vande Loo)
This course will study contemporary gender theory and clinical implications. Emphasis on recent psychoanalytic gender literature, especially since 1990, from diverse contemporary psychoanalytic theoretical perspectives.

Psychoanalytic Perspective on Literature

Ten sessions. Second Mondays—September - June. 8 - 9:30 pm, Dr. Winer’s home. (Winer)
This course will explore psychoanalytic perspectives on fiction, considering both what the analyst can learn about the human condition from the author and the understandings that psychoanalysis can bring to the text. For each meeting we will read a short story, a novella, a play, or a manageable section of a novel; works may be selected from both the classical and contemporary literature. The members of this course will be drawn from both the faculty and advanced candidate group. Each participant will be responsible for selecting the reading for one of the sessions and for initiating the discussion. Enrollment limited to five advanced candidates.

Psychoanalytic Theory of Creativity

Fifteen sessions. 1st and 3rd Saturdays beginning in September. Location to be arranged.
10:00 am (Cotlove)
Historically, this long-standing group has studied the contributions psychoanalytic literature and thought can make to the understanding of creativity, particularly in literature, the arts, history, film-making and biography, and has focused on outstandingly creative people in these fields. We have less frequently undertaken studies of scientists and scientific discoveries. Most of our efforts have been directed toward the lives, works, and wider societal contexts of creative people.

Now we would like to adopt a somewhat different frame of reference, less the study of creative individuals than of the contexts in which creative people and creative outcomes have demonstrably arisen. We plan to begin with studies of companies and corporations in which “innovation” in research and development has become, both psychologically and economically, a major priority. Eventually we hope to be able to draw broader than individually-based conclusions about what fosters creativity or sets a spark to its arousal. This approach will certainly include the psychoanalytic study of group processes, and what frees or inhibits “thinking outside the box.”

We meet on the first and third Saturdays of the month, from 10:00 to 11:30 am.

Introduction to Andre Green

Ten sessions. Dates, time, and location to be arranged. (Cereijido)
An introduction to the work of this French psychoanalyst, focusing on his thoughts about narcissism and borderline personality.

Clinical Explorations of Impasse

Ten sessions. First and third Wednesdays beginning in mid- November. Location to be arranged. (Chused, Winer)
The experience of having an analytic case stalled or at impasse is both frustrating and challenging, and an inevitable part of the analytic work. Often, the opportunity to learn from these cases is limited to exploration between candidate and supervisor, or between analyst and consultant, without the richness of focused discussion with colleagues. This course will use the participants’ presentations of cases at impasse as stimuli for inquiry into the analytic process relationship, with the aim of discovering techniques that can facilitate resolution of the impasse. From the presentations general principles about how impasses are created and resolved will be developed. Readings may be used at the group’s discretion.

Freud

Not offered in 2008-09
Ten sessions. First Mondays, September-June, Instructors’ homes (G. Miller, Sherman, Waugaman)
This course will study selections from Freud’s work (for example, Studies in Hysteria, Interpretation of Dreams, Case Histories, Papers on Technique, Ego and the Id, Analysis Terminable and Interminable, or others). Participants will study either a short selection for a single class, or a longer selection divided over several classes. The reading assignments will be modest in length (approximately 10-30 pages), but course members will be expected to know the readings thoroughly. The focus of the class will be the exegesis of the text. The instructors will alternately present.